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urllib

Request HTTP URLs in a complex world — basic and digest authentication, redirections, cookies, timeout and more.

Install

$ npm install urllib --save

Usage

callback

var urllib = require('urllib');

urllib.request('http://cnodejs.org/', function (err, data, res) {
  if (err) {
    throw err; // you need to handle error
  }
  console.log(res.statusCode);
  console.log(res.headers);
  // data is Buffer instance
  console.log(data.toString());
});

Promise

If you've installed bluebird, bluebird will be used. urllib does not install bluebird for you.

Otherwise, if you're using a node that has native v8 Promises (v0.11.13+), then that will be used.

Otherwise, this library will crash the process and exit, so you might as well install bluebird as a dependency!

var urllib = require('urllib');

urllib.request('http://nodejs.org').then(function (result) {
  // result: {data: buffer, res: response object}
  console.log('status: %s, body size: %d, headers: %j', result.res.statusCode, result.data.length, result.res.headers);
}).catch(function (err) {
  console.error(err);
});

co & generator

If you are using co or koa:

var co = require('co');
var urllib = require('urllib');

co(function* () {
  var result = yield urllib.requestThunk('http://nodejs.org');
  console.log('status: %s, body size: %d, headers: %j',
    result.status, result.data.length, result.headers);
})();

Global `response` event

You should create a urllib instance first.

var httpclient = require('urllib').create();

httpclient.on('response', function (info) {
  error: err,
  ctx: args.ctx,
  req: {
    url: url,
    options: options,
    size: requestSize,
  },
  res: res
});

httpclient.request('http://nodejs.org', function (err, body) {
  console.log('body size: %d', body.length);
});

API Doc

Method: `http.request(url[, options][, callback])`

Arguments

url String | Object - The URL to request, either a String or a Object that return by url.parse.
options Object - Optional
- method String - Request method, defaults to GET. Could be GET, POST, DELETE or PUT. Alias 'type'.
- data Object - Data to be sent. Will be stringify automatically.
- dataAsQueryString Boolean - Force convert data to query string.
- content String | Buffer - Manually set the content of payload. If set, data will be ignored.
- stream stream.Readable - Stream to be pipe to the remote. If set, data and content will be ignored.
- writeStream stream.Writable - A writable stream to be piped by the response stream. Responding data will be write to this stream and callback will be called with data set null after finished writing.
- files {Array | Object | ReadStream | Buffer | String - The files will send with multipart/form-data format, base on formstream. If method not set, will use POST method by default.
- consumeWriteStream [true] - consume the writeStream, invoke the callback after writeStream close.
- contentType String - Type of request data. Could be json (Notes: not use application/json here). If it's json, will auto set Content-Type: application/json header.
- nestedQuerystring Boolean - urllib default use querystring to stringify form data which don't support nested object, will use qs instead of querystring to support nested object by set this option to true.
- dataType String - Type of response data. Could be text or json. If it's text, the callbacked data would be a String. If it's json, the data of callback would be a parsed JSON Object and will auto set Accept: application/json header. Default callbacked data would be a Buffer.
- fixJSONCtlChars Boolean - Fix the control characters (U+0000 through U+001F) before JSON parse response. Default is false.
- headers Object - Request headers.
- keepHeaderCase Boolean - by default will convert header keys to lowercase
- timeout Number | Array - Request timeout in milliseconds for connecting phase and response receiving phase. Defaults to exports.TIMEOUT, both are 5s. You can use timeout: 5000 to tell urllib use same timeout on two phase or set them seperately such as timeout: [3000, 5000], which will set connecting timeout to 3s and response 5s.
- auth String - username:password used in HTTP Basic Authorization.
- digestAuth String - username:password used in HTTP Digest Authorization.
- agent http.Agent - HTTP Agent object. Set false if you does not use agent.
- httpsAgent https.Agent - HTTPS Agent object. Set false if you does not use agent.
- ca String | Buffer | Array - An array of strings or Buffers of trusted certificates. If this is omitted several well known "root" CAs will be used, like VeriSign. These are used to authorize connections. Notes: This is necessary only if the server uses the self-signed certificate
- rejectUnauthorized Boolean - If true, the server certificate is verified against the list of supplied CAs. An 'error' event is emitted if verification fails. Default: true.
- pfx String | Buffer - A string or Buffer containing the private key, certificate and CA certs of the server in PFX or PKCS12 format.
- key String | Buffer - A string or Buffer containing the private key of the client in PEM format. Notes: This is necessary only if using the client certificate authentication
- cert String | Buffer - A string or Buffer containing the certificate key of the client in PEM format. Notes: This is necessary only if using the client certificate authentication
- passphrase String - A string of passphrase for the private key or pfx.
- ciphers String - A string describing the ciphers to use or exclude.
- secureProtocol String - The SSL method to use, e.g. SSLv3_method to force SSL version 3.
- followRedirect Boolean - follow HTTP 3xx responses as redirects. defaults to false.
- maxRedirects Number - The maximum number of redirects to follow, defaults to 10.
- formatRedirectUrl Function - Format the redirect url by your self. Default is url.resolve(from, to).
- beforeRequest Function - Before request hook, you can change every thing here.
- streaming Boolean - let you get the res object when request connected, default false. alias customResponse
- gzip Boolean - Accept gzip response content and auto decode it, default is false.
- timing Boolean - Enable timing or not, default is false.
- enableProxy Boolean - Enable proxy request, default is false.
- proxy String | Object - proxy agent uri or options, default is null.
- lookup Function - Custom DNS lookup function, default is dns.lookup. Require node >= 4.0.0(for http protocol) and node >=8(for https protocol)
- checkAddress Function: optional, check request address to protect from SSRF and similar attacks. It receive tow arguments(ip and family) and should return true or false to identified the address is legal or not. It rely on lookup and have the same version requirement.
- trace Boolean - Enable capture stack include call site of library entrance, default is false.
- socketPath String - optional Unix Domain Socket. (Refer to Node.js Document)
callback(err, data, res) Function - Optional callback.
- err Error - Would be null if no error accured.
- data Buffer | Object - The data responsed. Would be a Buffer if dataType is set to text or an JSON parsed into Object if it's set to json.
- res http.IncomingMessage - The response.

Returns

http.ClientRequest - The request.

Calling .abort() method of the request stream can cancel the request.

Options: `options.data`

When making a request:

urllib.request('http://example.com', {
  method: 'GET',
  data: {
    'a': 'hello',
    'b': 'world'
  }
});

For GET request, data will be stringify to query string, e.g. http://example.com/?a=hello&b=world.

For others like POST, PATCH or PUT request, in defaults, the data will be stringify into application/x-www-form-urlencoded format if Content-Type header is not set.

If Content-type is application/json, the data will be JSON.stringify to JSON data format.

Options: `options.content`

options.content is useful when you wish to construct the request body by yourself, for example making a Content-Type: application/json request.

Notes that if you want to send a JSON body, you should stringify it yourself:

urllib.request('http://example.com', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  },
  content: JSON.stringify({
    a: 'hello',
    b: 'world'
  })
});

It would make a HTTP request like:

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "a": "hello",
  "b": "world"
}

This exmaple can use options.data with application/json content type:

urllib.request('http://example.com', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  },
  data: {
    a: 'hello',
    b: 'world'
  }
});

Options: `options.files`

Upload a file with a hello field.

var urllib = request('urllib');

var req = urllib.request('http://my.server.com/upload', {
  files: __filename,
  data: {
    hello: 'hello urllib',
  },
}, function (err, data, res) {
  // upload finished
});

Upload multi files with a hello field.

var urllib = request('urllib');

var req = urllib.request('http://my.server.com/upload', {
  files: [
    __filename,
    fs.createReadStream(__filename),
    Buffer.from('mock file content'),
  ],
  data: {
    hello: 'hello urllib with multi files',
  },
}, function (err, data, res) {
  // upload finished
});

Custom file field name with uploadfile.

var urllib = request('urllib');

var req = urllib.request('http://my.server.com/upload', {
  files: {
    uploadfile: __filename,
  },
}, function (err, data, res) {
  // upload finished
});

Options: `options.stream`

Uploads a file with formstream:

var urllib = require('urllib');
var formstream = require('formstream');

var form = formstream();
form.file('file', __filename);
form.field('hello', '你好urllib');

var req = urllib.request('http://my.server.com/upload', {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: form.headers(),
  stream: form
}, function (err, data, res) {
  // upload finished
});

Response Object

Response is normal object, it contains:

status or statusCode: response status code.
- -1 meaning some network error like ENOTFOUND
- -2 meaning ConnectionTimeoutError
statusMessage: response status message.
headers: response http headers, default is {}
size: response size
aborted: response was aborted or not
rt: total request and response time in ms.
timing: timing object if timing enable.
remoteAddress: http server ip address
remotePort: http server ip port
socketHandledRequests: socket already handled request count
socketHandledResponses: socket already handled response count

Response: `res.aborted`

If the underlaying connection was terminated before response.end() was called, res.aborted should be true.

require('http').createServer(function (req, res) {
  req.resume();
  req.on('end', function () {
    res.write('foo haha\n');
    setTimeout(function () {
      res.write('foo haha 2');
      setTimeout(function () {
        res.socket.end();
      }, 300);
    }, 200);
    return;
  });
}).listen(1984);

urllib.request('http://127.0.0.1:1984/socket.end', function (err, data, res) {
  data.toString().should.equal('foo haha\nfoo haha 2');
  should.ok(res.aborted);
  done();
});

HttpClient2

HttpClient2 is a new instance for future. request method only return a promise, compatible with async/await and generator in co.

Options

options extends from urllib, besides below

retry Number - a retry count, when get an error, it will request again until reach the retry count.
retryDelay Number - wait a delay(ms) between retries.
isRetry Function - determine whether retry, a response object as the first argument. it will retry when status >= 500 by default. Request error is not included.

Warning

It's not supported by using retry and writeStream, because the retry request can't stop the stream which is consuming.

Proxy

Support both http and https protocol.

Notice: Only support on Node.js >= 4.0.0

Programming

urllib.request('https://twitter.com/', {
  enableProxy: true,
  proxy: 'http://localhost:8008',
}, (err, data, res) => {
  console.log(res.status, res.headers);
});

System environment variable

http

HTTP_PROXY=http://localhost:8008
http_proxy=http://localhost:8008

https

HTTP_PROXY=http://localhost:8008
http_proxy=http://localhost:8008
HTTPS_PROXY=https://localhost:8008
https_proxy=https://localhost:8008

$ http_proxy=http://localhost:8008 node index.js

Trace

If set trace true, error stack will contains full call stack, like

Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:11
    at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1113:14)
    --------------------
    at ~/workspace/urllib/lib/urllib.js:150:13
    at new Promise (<anonymous>)
    at Object.request (~/workspace/urllib/lib/urllib.js:149:10)
    at Context.<anonymous> (~/workspace/urllib/test/urllib_promise.test.js:49:19)
    ....

When open the trace, urllib may have poor perfomance, please consider carefully.

TODO

Support component
Browser env use Ajax
[√] Support Proxy
[√] Upload file like form upload
[√] Auto redirect handle
[√] https & self-signed certificate
[√] Connection timeout & Response timeout
[√] Support Accept-Encoding=gzip by options.gzip = true
[√] Support Digest access authentication

Contributors

_fengmk2	_dead-horse	_xingrz	_popomore	_JacksonTian	_ibigbug
_{greenkeeperio-bot}	_atian25	_paambaati	_denghongcai	_XadillaX	_alsotang
_leoner	_hyj1991	_isayme	_killagu	_cyjake	_whxaxes
_chadxz	_danielwpz	_danielsss	_Jeff-Tian	_jedahan	_nick-ng
_rishavsharan	_willizm	_davidkhala	_aleafs	_Amunu	_{azure-pipelines[bot]}
_changzhiwin	_yuzhigang33	_fishbar	_gxcsoccer	_mars-coder	_rockdai
_dickeylth	_aladdin-add